| 1987 | Ph.D. SOCIOLOGY University of North Texas (Denton) Major Concentration: Social Organization & Disorganization Minor Concentration: Applied Sociology Areas of Emphasis: Criminology, Mental Health, Social Psychology, Theory, Research Methods |
| 1984 | M.S. CRIMINAL JUSTICE SCIENCES Illinois State University Areas of Emphasis: Corrections, Criminological Theory, Victimology |
| 1983 | M.A. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY (Counseling & Guidance) University of Missouri--Kansas City Areas of Emphasis: Individual Therapy, Crisis Intervention, Diagnostic Screening, Psychometry, Psychopathology |
| 1982 | B.A. PSYCHOLOGY Benedictine College, Atchison, Kansas Major: Psychology Minor: Sociology |
| 1978 | Conception Seminary College, Conception, Missouri |